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The organizations charged with governing Olympic sports in the United States received a median score of D for the way they govern themselves in a first-of-its kind听听unveiled this week by 欧美口爆视频 Boulder researchers.

The research, presented Wednesday at the international sports governance conference Play the Game in Eindhoven, Netherlands, found that out of 22 national governing bodies (NGBs), Track &听Field ranked first, with a score of 79 percent. USA听Cycling, USA听Triathlon and USA听Swimming all scored lower than 60 percent. USA听sailing ranked last.

NGBs are nonprofit federations responsible for selecting and sending teams to the Olympic games and supporting the growth of the sport all the way down to youth levels.

鈥淪ports organizations have not historically been well known for following procedures of checks and balances and democratic processes because we haven鈥檛 been paying much attention,鈥� said lead researcher Roger Pielke Jr., director of the听.听

鈥淏ut with so much attention being paid to doping, sexual abuse scandals and corruption in sport, we thought it would be useful to ask: How well are U.S. organizations governing themselves?鈥�

For the evaluation, Pielke and a team of student researchers used parameters established in a 2015 report by the Danish Institute for Sports Studies, which assessed the self-governance of international federations, such as听the Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), charged with preserving the integrity of their sport on a global scale.

That study found that of 34 international federations assessed, the median score was 46.3 out of 100. In the new evaluation, the median score for U.S. NGBs was 62, which is a D.

鈥淭he good news is that U.S. organizations are, in general, better governed than their international counterparts, but there is a lot of room for improvement,鈥� Pielke said.

The United States is home to 72 national governing bodies, 39 for summer sports, eight for winter sports and 25 for Paralympic sports. The researchers assessed 22 of the summer and winter sports and did not assess Paralympic sports yet due to a lack of available information.

They based their rankings on 36 indicators in four categories: democratic process (how decisions are made and who makes them),听transparency (how easy it is for the public to get information),听checks and balances,听and solidarity (which includes things like ethics guidelines and support of grassroots sports).

USA听Track and Field ranked well above the rest for its robust ethics committee and transparency.

鈥淭hey are paying attention to governance and it shows,鈥� said Pielke, stressing that some sports organizations ranked low in part because they are small, or new, and have lacked the resources to improve self-governance.

The evaluation did not assess NGB sex abuse prevention policies, which have been the subject of much scrutiny in the wake of revelations of widespread sexual misconduct among coaches in several Olympic sports. It also did not assess how NGBs implement play or how well athletes perform.

Pielke believes better sports governance can ultimately impact such issues.

鈥淚f money is not being spent well or people in leadership are not being held accountable鈥攖hat could trickle down to what happens on the field or the court.鈥�

Pielke said he intends to finish evaluations of the remaining NGBs within a year and publish them in a peer-reviewed journal. He said he released the preliminary results now at the world鈥檚 largest sports governance conference鈥攏ot to shame those with low ranking鈥攂ut to spark improvement across the board.

鈥淥ur hope is that this is the start of something that can be done regularly, providing a report card to help organizations figure out how they are doing and how they can do better,鈥� Pielke said.

The project was supported by 欧美口爆视频 Athletics. Jackson McCabe, a Paralympic soccer player, Sarah Sutherland, a 欧美口爆视频 Boulder graduate and elite middle-distance runner, and Jared Adler, a business and psychology major at 欧美口爆视频 Boulder, contributed to the report.