Internet of Ownership

How Has Structural Racism Held Back the Co-op Movement?

Nathan Schneider — Mon, 07 Oct 2024 16:54:31 +0000

How Has Structural Racism Held Back the Co-op Movement? Nathan Schneider Mon, 10/07/2024 - 10:54

November 4, 2024
10 - 11 a.m., Mountain Time
Free webinar

Despite extensive study of co-operatives' real and imagined benefits, we know little about the conditions under which they achieve the lasting scale needed to be a viable alternative and transform the economy. Under what conditions can co-operatives achieve such scale?

A new book by Jason Spicer suggests one essential answer: The cause of co-operatives' comparative weakness in the United States is identified as reflecting the joint effect of economic liberalism and structural racism. Only in the United States did the co-operative face, in its initial development, two well-entrenched incumbents operating with competing ownership models: the investor-owned firm and the race-based chattel slavery system of ownership of people.

In this discussion, Spicer will share his findings, followed by a response from Jessica Gordon Nembhard and a Q&A with attendees.

Jason Spicer is an Assistant Professor in the Marxe School of Public and International Affairs at ŷ��ڱ��ƵNY Baruch College, where he focuses on social and community entrepreneurship. Prior to joining ŷ��ڱ��ƵNY, he spent five years on the faculty of the University of Toronto (St. George), where he oversaw the economic development concentration in the graduate urban planning program. He holds a PhD in Political Economy from MIT. He is the author of Co-operative Enterprise in Comparative Perspective: Exceptionally Un-American? (Oxford University Press, 2024).

Jessica Gordon Nembhard is Professor of Community Justice and Social Economic Development in the Department of Africana Studies at John Jay College, of the City University of New York (ŷ��ڱ��ƵNY) in New York City, USA, where she is also Director of the McNair Post-Baccalaureate Achievement Program. She is an affiliate scholar at the Centre for the Study of Co-operatives at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada. She is the author of Collective Courage: A History of African American Cooperative Economic Thought and Practice (Pennsylvania State University Press, 2014).

Organized by MEDLab community fellow Danny Spitzberg, and presented by MEDLab and the Exit to Community Collective.

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Now We Know: Exit to Community Is Possible

Anonymous — Wed, 03 Jan 2024 19:08:47 +0000

Now We Know: Exit to Community Is Possible Anonymous (not verified) Wed, 01/03/2024 - 12:08

Back in 2019, I made a plea: “Startups Need a New Option: Exit to Community.” In some circles, at least, the argument quickly caught on. This is because, for startup companies, an exit through an acquisition or public offering is the goal that all else points toward. It is the payoff for founders, investors, and early employees. I contended that the roots of the exit as we know it are rotten. Exits turn companies into commodities, and exits often turn those companies against the people who rely on them most. We need a different kind of exit that is just and accountable, an exit to community.

As the E2C meme first spread, I heard from founders and others looking to do a community exit themselves. But I didn’t have a model or a blueprint to offer—just a vision and a story that I hoped we could learn to tell together.

To develop the idea, I teamed up with my longtime collaborator Danny Spitzberg. Years before, we had tried to turn Twitter toward community ownership, with a provocative shareholder proposal that appeared on the company’s 2017 ballot and made news worldwide. (If we had won, perhaps Twitter would still exist.) In early 2020, we started an E2C webinar series and joined with Zebras Unite to run a cohort program for founders interested in the idea. We published a zine and a trailer video, and E2C was featured in a special on PBS. Danny also co-founded the Exit to Community Collective, a group of journalists, marketers, stakeholder engagement specialists, and academics working to advance E2C in practice. In the years since, we have quietly supported and learned from a variety of experiments, helping entrepreneurs push the limits of what is possible. Memes, we believe, will only take us as far as they are backed up by the hard work of courageous pioneers.

As a new year arrives, I am thrilled to announce the release of a new library of E2C stories that the E2C Collective has created at E2C.how. Our “snapshots” are brief, structured case studies that give a taste of the many diverse ways that startups have been trying to grow into community ownership and governance, albeit with mixed results.

The snapshots range from my ŷ��ڱ��Ƶ neighbors Namaste Solar and Trident bookstore, which converted to employee ownership, to major open-source software projects like Debian and Python, which are mini-democracies accountable to their developers. There is NIO, a Chinese electric car company whose founder set aside a chunk of stock for car-buyers, and Defector Media, a co-op founded by employees who quit their previous job in protest. There are also blockchain-based efforts, like Gitcoin and SongADAO, that have tried to make good on a new technology’s often-betrayed promises for making a more inclusive economy.

I have taken two main lessons from these snapshots so far.

1. There is widespread craving for a better kind of exit—and the creativity to back it up. Entrepreneurs, investors, users, and workers alike are all recognizing the need for a new approach, and they are trying lots of different ways to get it. They are relying on old technology and the latest innovations. They are using many different legal structures and techniques for empowering communities. The resourcefulness is pretty astonishing, really.

2. Better exits need to be easier—and this will require structural change. In just about every case, E2C attempts have faced profound challenges. They are often working at the very edge of what the law allows, because many of our laws were written to serve profit-seeking investors, not communities. Much of what communities wanted was simply not possible. Truly changing the landscape of exits will mean policy change that takes communities seriously as sources of innovation and accountability.

I want to stress this second point. It first became clear to me when working with collaborators at Zebras Unite on the idea of turning Meetup into a user-owned cooperative. The founder wanted it. The business model made perfect sense—a rare platform whose users actually pay for it. The company was up for a fire sale. But we simply could not find investors or lenders prepared to back a deal like that. This is a problem I have seen with many other co-op efforts, over and over. Policy is the most powerful shaping force for where capital can aggregate, and there is no adequate policy to support capital for large-scale community ownership. This is also the reason we have lost many community-owned companies in recent years, from New Belgium Brewing to Mountain Equipment Co-op—the most successful community-owned companies too often can’t access the capital they need to flourish.

I’ve seen the same pattern repeat itself with blockchains, where the E2C idea has taken hold more than anywhere. Blockchains can enable organizations that are collectively owned and governed by their users, and millions of people have been attracted by possibility. But what has happened in practice? Any time a new project started gaining traction, it would become drowned in investment from the same venture-capital firms that fueled earlier kinds of startups. The driving force became not the tech or the communities but the investors, once again.

This pattern is not inevitable. History has demonstrated that, with the right policy in place, large-scale capital access for community ownership is possible. That’s what happened after 1936, when the US government passed the Rural Electrification Act; thanks to a (revenue positive!) loan program at the Department of Agriculture, cooperatives now operate nuclear power plants and deliver high-speed Internet in once-underserved areas. In 1974, a relatively small change to the federal tax code unleashed the employee stock ownership plan, or ESOP, which has enabled millions of workers to become co-owners of the companies where they work.

Today, most policy that governs taxation and finance is built on the assumption that investor profits at all costs is the norm and the ideal. As Marjorie Kelly powerfully argues, this assumption is intolerable. We need to demand changes that reorder how capital is able to be organized and deployed. These changes can be relatively small to make a difference—tweaks to tax codes and securities laws, for instance—and they can win support from diverse constituencies.

Too often, I have come to believe, advocates of cooperatives and community ownership have put their energy downstream of the real policy problems. They focus on gaining access to small loan funds and technical assistance for small companies. But they neglect the upstream challenge of exits—and other endgames for the most successful companies in the economy.

Unless we change the options available at the highest levels, any gains that communities make for early-stage companies can be erased once companies grow and need capital at the highest levels. On the other hand, when community ownership flourishes at large scales, that’s an attractor — something the whole rest of the economy can start moving toward.

Rather than fighting over crumbs, advocates of community ownership should be asking: What change will we win for community ownership that does for future generations what our predecessors won for us? Historically, major structural change for community ownership has involved a three-step process.

First, the experiments: creative, path-breaking people demonstrate the need and the possibility of something better. This is where E2C is right now, and our snapshots portray that experimentation beautifully. Now we need to learn from those experiments, identifying what works and where the barriers lie.

Second, the policy: Here’s when we build on the experiments, which hint at what is possible, and try to break down the biggest barriers in the way of unleashing economic justice. We assemble broad coalitions to advocate for achievable change, grounding our stories in the experiences of people who need change the most. And we win.

Third, the practice: Policy is only the beginning. What matters more is what we do with it. Here, we need to grow our movements and our culture to use the new policy in the best ways, and we watch out for those who want to exploit our policy—as any policy can be exploited. We spread, and community ownership becomes a new normal.

I have hunches about the kinds of policy E2C needs, but above all I am interested in learning from a shared conversation. What paths should we be organizing around? The tax code? Public loan guarantees? Securities exemptions? What would have the greatest effect for community ownership at the most achievable political cost?

Four years after first calling for E2C, I have become more convinced than ever that focusing on the exit—the goals the economy sets, not just its entry-points—is the right place to be. I hope more people recognize how vital it is to rethink what startups aim for.

Meanwhile, I am grateful for all those who have worked together to make this new phase possible through the E2C Collective. That includes, currently, Hazel Devjani, Adina Glickstein, Valentine Erokhin, Nanz Nair, Marisa Rando, Sheba Rivera, and Eli Zeger. Danny Spitzberg kept the Collective moving when no one else did and. The team is continuing to create resources and support teams exploring their own community exits. These people are weaving a fairer kind of economy into being. Please consider supporting their work through Open Collective (which is also a company pursuing an E2C).

I published my initial call to “exit to community” here because Hacker Noon is a ŷ��ڱ��Ƶ-based, family-led company; it used an equity crowdfunding campaign to remain independent of conventional venture-capital pressures. Now it is one of our snapshots. Everyone doing E2C today has had to go against the grain of mainstream startup culture, facing unique challenges as a result. Someday, I hope that what Hacker Noon and others have struggled to do will be easier, that building with and for community will be the obvious thing to do. This, we now know, is possible.

Artwork by Marcos Osorio, via Stocksy, a worker-owned co-op. This article first appeared at Hacker Noon.

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A regenerative policy agenda

Anonymous — Tue, 28 Mar 2023 17:46:32 +0000

A regenerative policy agenda Anonymous (not verified) Tue, 03/28/2023 - 11:46

Together with the Doughnut Economics Action Lab, MEDLab has just released a new resource on policy that could turn community ownership into the new normal in the economy, Regenerative Business Rising: How Policy Can Create an Economy Led by a Different Kind of Company.

This tool is for policy-makers, advocates and those who shape public policy at any level—local, provincial, national, or transnational. It is particularly for those with the ambition to foster a business world that embodies regenerative and distributive goals in its deep design.

Download "Regenerative Business Rising"

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MEDLab Co-Hosts "A People's History of Twitter"

Anonymous — Wed, 08 Mar 2023 00:12:20 +0000

MEDLab Co-Hosts "A People's History of Twitter" Anonymous (not verified) Tue, 03/07/2023 - 17:12

From the event page:

Thursday, March 16, 9–10:30 AM Pacific, via Zoom

While Twitter is in crisis, another generation of social media is emerging. But before we decide to stay or go or divide our attention across more platforms, we first need to figure out what we expect – or demand – from any platform we use. So, we're doing "A People's History of Twitter" to discuss loss and lessons.

We're inviting people who depended on Twitter to share their experiences and insights. We welcome everyone with perspectives from journalism, advocacy, private content creation, and all kinds of ways of using Twitter. We're a group of (ex-)Twitter workers, users, and allies who came together around a belief that platforms like Twitter can serve the public interest. Our partners include MEDLab, IFTF, RadicalxChange, and more.

Together with you in this interactive event, we'll reflect on what we lost and draw lessons for a better future of creating content and sharing news and media.

See the program at betterplatform.net

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MEDLab Co-Hosts "A People's History of Twitter"

Anonymous — Wed, 08 Mar 2023 00:11:47 +0000

MEDLab Co-Hosts "A People's History of Twitter" Anonymous (not verified) Tue, 03/07/2023 - 17:11

From the event page:

Thursday, March 16, 9–10:30 AM Pacific, via Zoom

While Twitter is in crisis, another generation of social media is emerging. But before we decide to stay or go or divide our attention across more platforms, we first need to figure out what we expect – or demand – from any platform we use. So, we're doing "A People's History of Twitter" to discuss loss and lessons.

We're inviting people who depended on Twitter to share their experiences and insights. We welcome everyone with perspectives from journalism, advocacy, private content creation, and all kinds of ways of using Twitter. We're a group of (ex-)Twitter workers, users, and allies who came together around a belief that platforms like Twitter can serve the public interest. Our partners include MEDLab, IFTF, RadicalxChange, and more.

Together with you in this interactive event, we'll reflect on what we lost and draw lessons for a better future of creating content and sharing news and media.

See the program at betterplatform.net

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Introducing the Exit to Community Collective

Anonymous — Thu, 17 Feb 2022 04:43:32 +0000

Introducing the Exit to Community Collective Anonymous (not verified) Wed, 02/16/2022 - 21:43

Jack Yates

The Exit to Community Collective (E2CC) is working to further the implementation of Exit to Community (E2C) initiatives—efforts to enable startups and other organizations to evolve toward ownership and control by their closest stakeholders. Since 2019, MEDLab has been advancing the E2C idea, particularly in collaboration with Zebras Unite. The E2CC is a new organization forming to continue this work by cultivating and spreading knowledge of the E2C concept and implementations of it.

The E2CC is a worker-managed collective formed through a virtual legal structure. With the platform Open Collective, which is itself exploring an E2C process, the E2CC is fiscally sponsored and manages its finances publicly and transparently. This reduces the barriers to formation that might come with being legally incorporated.

E2CC is involved in several parallel projects. One is a tool that aims to provide an introduction on what E2C is and how it can proceed, serving as a starting point for founders on how they can get started in implementing their Exit to Community. It is designed around common questions and conversations about key decision points that organizations face.

A series of eighteen case studies is in development to provide tangible examples of how an E2C works in practice. These are being written to be brief and accessible. Examples include diverse startups, including and blockchain initiatives, and they are tagged in order to draw connections among them. We hope that these cases can show the variety of forms E2C can take and help speed the process from conception to implementation. The collective is also in the process of creating a series of long-form narratives to provide a more detailed look at the implementation of an E2C example.

In the coming months, these and more resources will be available online. We hope they will be a significant step toward making community ownership more widespread. In the meantime, explore existing resources at e2c.how.

In summary, we’re learning what resources can help advance the vision of E2C—what makes shared ownership more accessible.

Are you exploring or experimenting with community ownership? Want to add your E2C story and see others? Get in touch!

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A New Option for the Startups We Love—the E2C video

Anonymous — Tue, 29 Jun 2021 17:30:56 +0000

A New Option for the Startups We Love—the E2C video Anonymous (not verified) Tue, 06/29/2021 - 11:30

[video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IdwzoJhD9aQ]

Getting acquired or going public often pits startup founders and investors against the health of their community. We believe businesses need a new option with long-term benefits for all: an "Exit to Community." Start your E2C journey at https://www.e2c.how.

Thanks to those who came together to make this happen: narrator Lauren Ruffin, director and producer Danny Spitzberg, and editor Molly Mary O'Brien.

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Mutualist Infrastructure: A Conversation with Sara Horowitz

Anonymous — Fri, 30 Apr 2021 22:05:33 +0000

Mutualist Infrastructure: A Conversation with Sara Horowitz Anonymous (not verified) Fri, 04/30/2021 - 16:05

Thursday, May 20, 2021
1-2 p.m. Mountain Time
Free webinar

Watch

As the US federal government considers once-in-a-generation investments in infrastructure, is it possible to also enable a new commitment to a democratic economy? In this conversation, celebrating the publication of Sara Horowitz's new book Mutualism, we will explore strategies for bringing the mutualist tradition of unions, cooperatives, and community ownership from the margins into the center of economic policy-making.

Sara Horowitz is the founder of the Freelancers Union and the Freelancers Insurance Company, and currently head of the Mutualist Society. Formerly chair of the board of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, Horowitz is a recipient of the MacArthur Fellowship and has been featured on NPR and in The New York Times, The Wall Street Journal, and The Atlantic, among other publications. A lifelong mutualist, she lives in Brooklyn, New York, with her husband and daughter.

Co-sponsored by the Media Enterprise Design Lab at the University of ŷ��ڱ��Ƶ Boulder and Zebras Unite.

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Exit to Community: Two Startup Journeys to User-Ownership

Anonymous — Fri, 30 Apr 2021 06:00:00 +0000

Exit to Community: Two Startup Journeys to User-Ownership Anonymous (not verified) Fri, 04/30/2021 - 00:00

May 12, 2021
9 a.m. Mountain Time
Boulder Startup Week webinar

Watch Collaborative notes

How can startups transition from community engagement to community ownership? This session features two startups that are figuring it out. Hacker Noon, a tech publishing platform based in rural ŷ��ڱ��Ƶ, moved from Medium to its own software thanks to a $1 million equity crowdfunding campaign. Groupmuse, a platform for organizing classical-music performances, is in the process of converting to a worker cooperative—and exploring how to include its musician community, too. Participants will come away with lessons from each "Exit to Community" journey.

Facilitator: Danny Spitzberg (MEDLab community fellow)
Kyle Schmolze (Groupmuse)
Linh Smooke (Hacker Noon)

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Exit to Community: Designing Crypto for Social Good

Anonymous — Fri, 16 Apr 2021 16:48:03 +0000

Exit to Community: Designing Crypto for Social Good Anonymous (not verified) Fri, 04/16/2021 - 10:48

Thursday, April 29, 2021
10-11 a.m. Mountain Time
Free webinar

Watch Notes

As blockchain and cryptocurrency takes another step toward mainstream adoption—think Bitcoin, NFTs, and Coinbase—communities are questioning conventional economic models, and exploring how this technology can enable new alternatives.

This webinar will feature blockchain platforms designing solutions that empower communities to define value and exchange on their own terms. The speakers will discuss why and how blockchain technology can be an effective tool for storing and transferring community value, and how it can be used to disrupt and rebuild more functional, human economies, whether for local place-based cities or across remote digital communities. The discussion will also include a practical deep-dive, and help tactically explain how other communities can learn and develop their own projects.

Guest Facilitator: Nicole d'Avis (Enid Co.)
Julio Linares (Circles UBI)
Karla Córdoba-Brenes (Cambiatus)

Sponsored by the Media Enterprise Design Lab at ŷ��ڱ��Ƶ Boulder and Zebras Unite.

Image via Cambiatus.com.

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