Catalogue Entry听
From the Catalogue of Ancient Glass in the University of 欧美口爆视频 Museum
Gift of H. Medill Sarkisian and Justine Sarkisian Rodriguez (1979)
听(2008)
Height: 12.2听cm
Diameter (max.):听2.5 cm
Roman, 1st century C.E.
Classification: Isings Form 9;听Harden Fabric 7
Description: Rounded rim folded in. Tall cylindrical neck with smooth transition to rounded shoulder. Body tapers conically downward and ends in rounded boss at bottom. Dark blue. Large bubbles in fabric. Opaque due to dirt encrustation, especially on neck. Solid lip of dirt or grit inside that rattles when shaken. Blown.
Comment: Most other examples of this type have rounded bodies that taper downward (e.g., Isings鈥� line-drawing), so this piece could be a slightly later development or a regional variation.听The closest parallels (all of which have rounded bodies) are Simonett 1941, fig. 62, no. 16a;听Hayes 1975, nos. 102 and 103;听Fleming 1996, fig. 18 (which is mold blown);听and Whitehouse 2001, no. 770.
Discussion
The glass this unguentarium is made of has visible bubbles in its fabric. These are caused by "internal pockets of air" (1)听in the ingredients used to make the glass. Poorly made glass has larger bubbles, and finer glass has smaller and fewer bubbles. Bubbles are less likely to be visible in free-blown glass, while coiled or drawn glass (such as what is used to make handles or decorations) is more likely to have lots of bigger bubbles (2).
Ancient Roman听glassmakers听had some control over the color of their glass. It is unknown how much they could control tints and colors, but it is apparent they understood what ingredients were needed to make colored and colorless glass. To create the deep blue that this unguentarium is made of would have required adding a natural metal to the recipe. This metal could have been either cobalt or copper, mixed in with sand and nitrate in an extremely hot kiln (3).
An unguentarium was used to hold scented oil, perfume, or body lotion used by听both men and women. These cosmetics were applied as soon as one awoke, then again after they听bathed during the day at the local bathhouse. The most popular scents were saffron, marjoram, and roses, according to the , a 1st century C.E. Roman author听(). Inscriptions from ancient towns such as听Pozzuoli听indicate that the perfume-makers were usually in the same district as the glassworkers, suggesting that craftworkers听realized the efficiency of being near a business they were closely connected to (4).
Footnotes
- Donald B. Harden,听Roman Glass from Karanis听(Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1936): 12.
- Harden 1936: 12.
- Harden 1936: 7.
- Stuart J. Fleming,听Roman Glass: Reflections of Everyday Life听(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Museum, 1997): 28-31.
References
- Fleming, S. J.听鈥淓arly Imperial Roman Glass at the University of Pennsylvania Museum,鈥澨�Expedition听38.2听(1996): 13-37.
- Hayes, J. W.听Roman and Pre-Roman Glass in the Royal Ontario Museum.听罢辞谤辞苍迟辞:听1975.
- Simonett, C.听Tessiner Gr盲berfelder. Ausgrabungen des archa虉鈥媜logischen Arbeitsdienstes in Solduno, Locarn-Muralto Minusio und Stabio, 1936 und 1937.听叠补蝉别濒:听1941.
- Whitehouse, D.听Roman Glass in the Corning Museum of Glass, v. 2.听Corning, NY: Corning Museum of Glass, 2001.